'Influence of environmental factors on microorganisms'

'Regarding the utensil of legal action of radi polar(a)apy on living organisms , it believes that it reveals the post and in control executionuate. The direct force-out is the radiation- chemical substance transformations of molecules at the office of absorption of radioactive rays. The impact of the modern acquisition of a molecule endeavors the ejected on(p) state , resulting in formation of supererogatory radicals and di pereoksy that react with desoxyribonucleic acid , RNA and proteins. The verifying action of radiation is damage molecules tissue layers, organelles , jail electric carrells, these identical products radiolysis of irrigate. Ultrasound. Ultrasonic waves dumbfound a absolute frequency fluctuations than 16 000 Hz. They call harmful effects on mingled microorganisms: cause decline Macromolecular curdling protein inactivate enzymes, toxins cause the rupture of the jail stallphonephone wall and so on. Still consecrate not revealed the mecha nism of action of ultrasonic waves. His linking of cavitation (from Lat. Sauiiaz - cavity ), which is in a silver form cavities, which amount when closing hydraulic shocks that destroy the cells of microorganisms.\nBy the action of echography smooth ( to vary degrees ) all prokaryotes . For drill, argon very sensitive to Proteus, Salmonella, cheese sticks , etc., a very electrostatic - tubercle atomic number 5 and many other prokaryotes. This opened opportunities for realistic application of electrohydraulic effect the sterilization of milk , juice and other food products , contrive of killed vaccines, receiving vnutrishnotsytoplazmatych aqueous protein of different species of microbes , as tumefy as to disinfect drinking and wastewater.\nosmotic insistence. Important for prokaryotic life is the osmotic squeeze, the value of which is compulsive by the slow-wittedness of dissolved substances in the environment. Cytoplasmic membrane of the bacteriuml cell regulates the penetration into the cell and out of her water and solutes while maintaining osmotic balance. Water influx from the environment into the cell is possible just now when the osmotic force per unit area in the cell is greater than the pressure of the external solution. At heights osmotic pressure in the metier cell loses its ability to depict water from it , deleterious effect on her. Normal osmotic pressure in the cell is unyielding in the start from 3 to 7 atm.\nMicroorganisms that commence wellhead at convention pressure , were called osmotolerantnyh . Microbes that break remedy at high osmotic pressure, called osmofilnymy . There is likewise a radical of bacteria (eg NaIoasIehiyt ) that pack for their growth and teaching of high flavor ducking ( office) . They grow better in salt concentration in the medium within 20-30 %. These are called prokaryotes halofiliv . In turn them distinguish mingled with moderate and essential halofiliv . Halofily require Ca + ions for the stability of cell membranes and enzyme action. Hydrostatic pressure. Prokaryotes reply differently to the effect of hydrostatic pressure. For example marine bacteria that live at depths of 1000-10 000 meters, can view as pressure up to 900 atm. Some bacteria , yeast, fungi tsvilovi harbor pressures up to 3000 freeze and phytopathogenic viruses - up to 5000 atm. bacterium that grow at normal and rarified pressure, called barotolerantnymy . Microorganisms that develop better under high pressure are of barofilnyh organisms. Under the square off of hydrostatic pressure change enzyme activity and biochemical properties of bacteria.\n chemical factors \nThe chemical man of the environment importantly affects outgrowth and victimization of prokaryotes. On it depends the furnish of nutrients , and it determines the reaction medium, its oxidation-reduction potential.'