The Brother Rice High School Community :: Christianity Education Essays

The Brother Rice lavishly School Community High School is every Junior High students dream. It is a time in a students life where he/she receives a hulking amount of freedom as well as responsibility. Mom no longer accompanies the teenagers at the movies and one can even drive himself/herself there. Academics be important also because these grades determine if you are college bound material. But, are freedom and faculty members the only parts of a solid High School life? I myself believe that there is more to High School so freedom and academics. High School is also a time when early adults are entering into society as individuals. They are on their instruction to adulthood and their education during this time should stretch further than just an academic education. I attended a private high school cognize as Brother Rice High School, where I receive more than just an academic experience. When some people hear the member Private school they think of words such as Stuck u p, Rich, or Snobby, but these are not accurate portrayals. One must sense of smell inside the doors of the school before making such negative connotations and if you did you would put one over that this is not the case. Brother Rice High School is an academic design that teaches young men academic fundamentals as well as Christian morals and social values. The Christian Brothers of Ireland, followers of Edmund Ignatius Rice, founded the school in 1960. Edmund Rice was bom in 1762. He was educated archetypal at home, and so in a hedge school, and finally in Kilkenny, Ireland. Mr. Rice married, and became a easy merchant and a leader of Catholic activities in the City of Waterford. afterwards the death of Edmunds wife, he had intentions of entering a monastery on the continent, but the Bishop of Waterford support him to stay in Ireland and begin a school for poor boys. The unexampled school greatly effected the youth of Waterford that Edmund soon had requests to open schools in other cities. Pope Pius VII gave papal approval to the Congregation in 1820. Edmund took the name of Brother Ignatius and in 1822 Brother Edmund Ignatius Rice was elected the first Superior General of the new congregation. Brother Edmund Ignatius Rice died on gilded 29, 1844, at Mount Sion, Waterford. In 1997 Brother Edmund Ignatius Rice was declared rejoicing by Pope John Paul II.

Chinook Salmon :: essays research papers

chinook salmon SalmonEnvironmental Science Wednesday, February 26, 1997Among the many kinds of tip harvested each year by mercenary look foreries is theOncorhynchus tshawytscha or quinnat salmon salmon. The fall in States catches anaverages of about three hundred one thousand thousand gravels of salmon each year. all the samesome Chinook salmon have been recently listed as threatened. soldiery has been themain cause for the decline in Chinook salmon populations.The populations of Chinook salmon have declined for several reasons. Hydropowerand its destructiveness to the environment, pollution, and overfishing are thethree main causes for the decline. The Chinook salmon is k todayn for travelingthe greatest distance back to its spawning grounds, frequently traveling one to twothousand miles inland. This long journey is now often interrupted byhydroelectric plants. Hydropower is a very good alternative resource for power,however it is very damaging to our salmon populations. The dams barricade offrivers, which block the salmons path back to their breeding grounds. Thesalmon go back to the same areas, just as their ancestors did, to lay their eggs.The hydropower plants turbines are in like manner very dangerous to young salmon. Manyof them are putting to deathed by the fiend turbines on their way back to the ocean.Killing off many of the salmons raw(a) generation. befoulment is also a killer ofmany Chinook salmon. Pollution caused by sewage, farming, grazing, logging andmining find its way into our waters. These harmful substances kill manyspecies of fish and other marine life. The Chinook salmon is no exception. Thechemicals are dumped into the rivers and streams and eventually these chemicalsfind their way to the ocean, polluting and effecting each area they describe through.The largest contributor to the decline in the Chinook salmon population is the commercial-grade fishing industry. From a period of 1990-1992 815,000 Chinook salmonwere caugh t by commercial fisheries. This does not include the 354,000recreational catches. Commercial fishing is a boastful industry. Commercial fishersuse nets, which they pull by boats. Some nets are designed so the holes in thenets are large enough for the head of the fish to fit through, and then the meshgets caught in the fishs gills. Others are designed to slew around a schoolof fish and then is drawn shut. in the buff technologies have developed factory sterntrawlers which easily haul netloads of up to 100 metric tons of fish. However,when catching the salmon, fisherman use pound nets to catch the fish on theirway to their spawning grounds. The average annual salmon catch in just theUnited States is about 300 million pounds, of that about 60 percent is canned.

Case Study Analysis: Erp Implementation for Nibco

Unit 6 character reference Study NIBCOs Big slam dance An blackjack Implementation Professor Richard Yellen Student Vo Ngo Lan Phuong charge Ham 23 ID 217496 Professor Richard Yellen Student Vo Ngo Lan Phuong move Ham 23 ID 217496 Hanoi, 11/2012 CASE STUDY Table of content I. Overview3 II. NIBCOs execution of instrument of ERP solution3 III. Pros and Cons of BIG-BANG coming for ERP4 IV. ERP bewilder implementation lessons and recommendations6 List of Reference9 Case Study NIBCOs SAP Application Implementation I. OverviewThe case shows the implementation of SAP ERP solution in NIBCO, a manufacturer of pipe and fittings, a mid-size manufacturer with about 3,000 employees and revenue every(prenominal) over 460 million USD. The society has enforced successfully the full package of ERP solution, provided by SAP, the tether solution supplier nether the consultancy of Boston Consulting Group. NIBCO has gained the success by well(p) centering and jut out team up under standing, determination and experiences. The method of implementation of NIBCO for this ERP solution is running solely in one day, this brings the company to a quite risky side if something wrong happens.But the company has run the dodge successfully, with positive results. The implementation succeeds be get to of each(prenominal) the conceptionning, personnel office, management and the cooperation with application suppliers and consultants. NIBCO has over 3,000 employees and operates 10 plants, and 17 centers for distribution over US. The instructionbases and information systems argon non integrated therefore cannot communicate and collaborate in force(p)ly, which causes time and efforts wasting. Also, over the years of development, the melodic line subprogrames interpolate, the information data extend, the obsolete system cannot meet the demands of cross functional operations.With the consultants from BCG, NIBCO has developed a plan for implementation of natural ERP system, using master copy solution from a leading provider, SAP. The aim of NIBCO is to set up a new, large, integrated information system to replace the old system, connecting and integrating all the IS from factories, plants and distribution centers all over the country. With the initial wander duration estimated as over 3-5 years, the management and range team has implemented the whole system in only 18 months, and successfully. II. NIBCOs implementation of ERP solutionUsing the consultancy services from BCG, the information system of NIBCO was very faded and poor. The system do not support the provision of information for conductor timely, did not support do by of decision making, especially for functional departments as story, purchasing, selling, marketing and customer supports. Due to the lack of real time data manduction the management and manufacturing meets uncorrectableies to improve caliber and efficiencies. Over the years of operation, factories and departm ents produce implemented their own modules or application such as golf club entry, manufacturing, distribution and accounting.Because of the non-systematic application and implementation, in ramify factory and department, each user may claim their own softw be, different version, and separate database. Therefore it is difficult to integrate and cooperate among factories and distribution centers. To implement the new system, NIBCO has use professional consultancy services, purchase leading softw atomic number 18 application from whirligig vendor, and assigned big top managers to manage declare oneself team, system development, and IS stave for planning, and integrating, designing, installing the new system.Although the BCG obdurate that there is a need for a change in information system of NIBCO, the current system is poor and needed cut emancipate to grow the company and become to a greater extent than global. The BCGs suggestion for troika to five years implementation should be too long, somehow, this can cause more cost and efforts for NIBCO than actual need (Brown, 2012, p. 491). III. Pros and Cons of BIG-BANG access for ERP NIBCO used the approach called BIG-BANG for ERP implementation, or cutover aiming to put the whole information system to run in the same day, at all the factories and distribution centers, especially for common and discover modules.All the line of work units, most of employees result be abnormal by the new systems at the same time. In fact, the other approach can be doing a pilot implementation at a factory or distribution centers, or only implement for only a fewer popular units. But this way can cost more time, efforts and cannot psychometric test the capability of the whole system. Also, with the investment in consultancy and purchasing the leading solutions from top ERP vendors, the NIBCO aim to get the new system run for all the business unit, and the real time running can as well test the cognitive process of the new system, alike save cost and time for implementation.Running all at the same time can also help the testing of integration and cooperation among factories and distribution centers. The big-bang or cut over approach requires the good current-handed personnel, and also training for the new systems, working(a) processes and running, maintenance the new system. The productiveness was reported a reduction in the first month aft(prenominal) the new system running, but improves gradually in the later months. The accounting reports can be done in two or collar day, rather than two to three weeks when using the old systems.Also, with the new system, sharing and collaboration helps reduce inventory, as much as 25%, and also increase the fulfillment ratio from 80% to 95%, service quality has improved to 98%. tooth root http//www. nibco. com/ The BCG consultants noticed that the legacy environment and databases are out of control, which cause IS and IT staff too busy with fixing the issues more than focusing on developing supporting system for functional activities.The company used professional consultancy services from BCG but does not follow the suggestion from BGC, the cutover or big-bang approach was implemented because the management leading do not support multi years plan also the fund for the labor movement was 17 million USD, and leave behind take one after part of the companys members to involve in implementation for the hurtle. The shorter time the throw takes, the better and more effective it forget be. IV. ERP examine implementation lessons and recommendations 4. 1. Human resource for ERP projectProject was take by the CEO, as the project Champion, Rex Martin, who acted as the project leader and project champion. The top manager plays the reveal role to the ERP project, because this type of project will involve and affect all people and departments and units of company. With CEO in charge, the project will be supported by all the sin Presidents in decision making and raising the resources for the project. The CEO set up the executive director Leadership Team to act as the screening and monitoring committee, this team plays a call role in managing the project because it help to consecrate sure that all decisions are made at the highest level.The CIO, and also the Vice President, Scott Beutler was responsible for the ERP package, it means that the VP of IT and IS will be responsible for the functionalities of the software application, during process of project. The Information system managers, Gary Wilson, in concert with all the IS staff (about 30 people), will be involved in project, support the operations and implementation, development, maintenance. The CIO, IS leaders and IT staff will the support of top leaders will play divulge roles in estimation of ERP packages, testing, demonstration and operating the systems.The gravestone modules of ERP package for NIBCO, SAP R/3, includes finance, supply chain, material, warehouse management, production planning and management, sales and distribution. Also, the HR module was purchased but will be implemented later. The leaders have played key roles in running the project, for example, Beutler manage the business process Wilson for technology and software packages, and Davis for managing project activities. Because of the scale of project, and it potential effects, one quaternionth of the company directors have been appointed to the project management board.This shows the commitment of the managers and also provide enough human resource for project to make sure that it can cut time from 3-5 years to 18 months. The participant of leaders and managers will make the project decisions faster and it may be the key reason for shortening the duration of project. 4. 2. Working with solution vendor ERP project requires both software, hardware, networking partners to involve in implementation. NIBCO has selected IBM as third base party provider for the systems infrastructure, SAP as the software solution provider.For the experts and maneuver support, NIBCO and partners appoint six consultants for functional and business processes, who work regularly with the project team. Also, the maximum personnel can be raised to as many another(prenominal) as 50 consultants at high time. The other personnel are also provided for training, reporting, programming, adept assistance, intimacy management All the supports are officially stated in the contract with solution providers and partners. In fact, Wilson has an IS department and personnel number up to 30, also he had mainframe application, HP and IBM platforms.The NIBCO has quaternary legacy systems for order entry, manufacturing, distribution and accounting, but the problem is they are bought separately, with separate databases, which make integration difficult or very hard to implement. NIBCO has considered and evaluated 7 ERP packages in depth and in details. With the experts and business from functional departments involving in assessment process by testing the modules, from several vendors. They are also move to visit the previous or typical customers to get the feedbacks from real users.The key concern was the finance and supply chain management modules, using the shared database, and should be able to connecting and integrating all the modules together. 4. 3. Project management team The image of the project is decided for all the factories and distribution centers, the operation was stared on the same day for ten plants and all distribution center. This decision for scope was quite risky but saving time and cost for NIBCO. The project team was released sooner than planned, the productivity was down a little fight but improve gradually, the project cost was a little under budget.All these factors are because of good experience and collaboration in project management. The key to success may be the Tiger triad, which was led by Wilson and Beutler, who was working full time with ERP project. The Martin was added by CEO appointment to joint Beutler and Wilson as a third co-lead project. David with experience in total quality management could help project focus on change management and maintaining quality. 4. 4. learning inside specialist For ERP project, training and technology transfer is key to success.Core knowledge and skills need to be transferred to IS department and all the functional departments for operation and maintenance. Source http//www. sap. com/solutions/bp/enterprise-resource-planning/solutions-overview. epx Four director leaders and two business system analysis were selected for review roles, working with other leaders from sales and distributions. One ordinal or seven out of twenty eight directors of NIBCO have been selected for project as full time. These people must have good business knowledge to see the potential issues and settle conflicts. 4. 5. Project team assignmentThe project managers are assigne d for specialized teams, including sales and distribution, financial, material management, and production management. from each one team work together with experts from solution vendor. Business member will consider process, business functions, power users, business process analysis. IS and IT engineers will be responsible for technical sides, including infrastructure, programming, testing, installation and running. Each team has their supporting IBM consultants, with their technical knowledge to that they could make joint decisions, and also transfer the knowledge to NIBCO cell nucleus team at the same time.Consultants from solution vendor, SAP, also work together with the team. The final project cost was 17 million USD, and one third for infrastructure cost, including the solution software. One anther third for education, team work and the brave out one third for consulting (Brown, 2012, p. 501). 4. 6. Experience in change management The cutover approach or big-bang implementat ion of ERP package as NIBCO used requires a good change management in all business functions and department. Because business processes are changed, much or little depends on the nature of business, therefore all the related staff will be affected.Also, the application in wide range, all ten first factories and distribution centers will be affected same day, same time. The key to success of NIBCO implementation can be the careful planning and actions. The analysis and design, colloquy and management effectively, as well as the good coordination with consultants and vendors experts. The support and direction from top management to departments heads involving the implementation of ERP can also contribute to the success. Big bang implementation requires change management that was not key strength of IBM.Training was used widely to increase skills and knowledge of users, with 450 different business activities in 15 locations. Open communication by provision of information to project t eams, over 1,200 hours of training, over four months before going online or Go Live. The grace period was used for more scenario training, with more focus on business processes. After intensive, effective and serious training, the company could be ready to operate R/3 on its own without solution or partners expert working on site. List of Reference 1. Brown, 2012, Information Technology Management 7th Edition, prentice Hall

Cultural Awareness Essay

The world as humans know it is acquiring smaller and smaller due to globalization and technological improvements. The two has make it possible for state from several(a) ethnic, racial, ethnic and socio-economic backgrounds to communicate, work together and trip up from one country to another half a world extraneous easily. When race meet, they also bring their heathenish background with them. This makes it essential for heap to have cultural cognizance and understand cultural diversity.Cultural awake(predicate)ness is the recognition and acceptance that batch are all shaped by each ones bear unique and specific cultural backgrounds (Centre for Cultural Diversity in Ageing CCDA, 2006). Cultural knowingness is the aesthesia and assess for cultural diversity or the fact that people from various civilisations have different values, beliefs and traditions. Different histories and traditions result in culturally-prescribed particulars on how people should perceive and relate with other people.A person is culturally aware when he or she celebrates the worlds colorful cultural immensity and assortment instead of discriminating against other cultures, especially against minorities. Cultural awareness is being able to see through the lens of another culture and the openness to understand another culture instead of simply labeling it uncanny or wrong in view of ones own culture. Having cultural awareness is essential in facing the technology-dependent worlds unseen cultural challenges.One technological development that has been very salutary for people is the Internet. Through the Internet, people can communicate and share information regardless of time and distance. It has even allowed for the existence of virtual classrooms or online precept wherein one can share classes without any physical meeting. Technology has brought people closer however, the fact the no one can see and correct the race or background of other people lays a hush-hush trap.Witho ut knowing that they are talking to someone from another cultural background, people can easily alienate others and be called a racist because of their insensitivity to another. Being culturally aware, having the capacity to understand and appreciate the rich cultural diversity, is thus essential for the success of this computer-mediated communication because it increases ones sensitivity to the non-physical and non-vocal communication styles of people.Cultural awareness keeps one from making generalizations and informs one most appropriate communication styles (CCDA, 2006). Finally, cultural awareness generally promotes an atmosphere of respect for everyone regardless of culture. References Centre for Cultural Diversity in Ageing. (2006). Cultural awareness. Retrieved touch 13, 2009 from http//www. culturaldiversity. com. au/Default. aspx? tabid=81

Misrepresentation in Uk Law

A false story made to fuck off a company to get down into a contract. Misp theatrical performance &8212 if proved &8212 renders a contract voidable (see VoidableContract). Three (perhaps four) featureors must(prenominal) be established to succeed in a claim of mispresentation. (i) in that location must be an unambiguous false pedagogy of existing fact (or perhaps law) (ii) it must be intercommunicate to the party misled (iii) it must induce the contract (iv) (perhaps) it must be material, that is, ane which would induce a sightly man to contract in those circumstances. Grounds for dissembling (i) There must be an unambiguous statement of existing fact.Since Kleinwort Benson v Lincoln CC (1991) it top executive be the case that a statement of law whitethorn in any case found a mis standard &8212 although that case concerned resitutionary remedies for money compensable under a mistake of law, rather than contract. Three classes of statement ar generally not held to be representations (a) puffs, (b) opinions, and (c) intentions. (a) It tail be difficult to expose a misrepresentation from a puff, that is, an advertising or promotional statement which is not intended to be binding (Dimmock v Hallett (1866), in which it was representated that grime was fertile and improveable). b) A statement of opinion is not a representation (Bisset v Wilkinson (1927)) unless the opinion of the person making the representation has some redundant weight, e. g. , he or she is a professional employed to give much(prenominal) opinion (Esso v Mardon (1976)). (c) A statement of intention if honestly held cannot be a misrepresentation however, my intention is a fact and it can be dishonestly represented &8212 Edgington v Fitzmaurice (1885). (ii) The statement must be addressed to the person misled. (iii) The statement must induce the contract.It need not be the sole inducement (Edgington v Fitzmaurice (1885)). This test will fail when (a) the representee is really unaware of the representation (Horsfall v Thomas (1862)), (b) the representee knows the statement is untrue, and (c) where the representee is patently untouched by the statement. (c) is likely where the representee takes other steps to establish the validity of the statement (Atwood v Small (1838)). In general, the fact that the false statement could micturate been discovered with due diligence will not prevent it being concluded hat it induced the contract (RedgraveVHurd1881) but more late it has been suggested that a misrepresentation does not induce where it would be highly tenable to expect the representee to check the validity of the statements (SmithVEricSBush1990). (iv) (Perhaps) the statement must be material, that is, one that would induce the contract in a reasonable man. Currently this bar is doubted. Modern practice seems to be to incorporate this requirement into consideration of whether the misrepresentation did induce the contract.Types of misrepresentation Fra udulent misrepresentation This overlaps with the TortOfDeceit. The misrepresentation must be intentional and dishonest (DerryVPeek1888). Damages are not limited by remoteness (see CausationInNegligence). Rescission may be awarded. Negligent misrepresentation The misrepresentation was not intended to deceive, but nevertheless the defendant is in kick downstairs of a DutyOfCare to the claimant. Rescission may be awarded. Innocent misrepresentation The mispresentation was uncomplete fraudulent nor negligent.In general, remediation are not available, but rescission may be awarded. See also MisrepresentationAct1967. Misrepresentation Act (1967) s. 2(1) of this Act is super important for claimant seeking compensation for Misrepresentation. It has the resultant of shifting the burden of substantiation from the claimant to the defendant that is, if the claimant alleges that the defendant made a negligent misrepresentation, the onus is on the defendant to show that he had good grounds for believing the representation to be true.The Act also makes it possible for the court to award damages in misrepresentation cases, where Rescission would not be available. Another effect of the Act, or at least of the way the Act has been interpreted by judges, is to allow the claimant to recover not just forseeable losses, but all rail losses. This seems to follow from the wording &8212 the Act says that a misrepresentation should be tough as deceitful, despite there being no dishonesty, unless the defendant can show that he was not negligent.It seem unlikely (to me at least) that the creators of the law had in mind that damages for negligent misrepresentation should be as extensive as fraudulent misrepresentation, but there are a number of cases that suggest that judges dont see things the same way. rescission To knock over a Contract is to treat it as terminated, perhaps because one party is in breach (see RepudiationOfContract), or because the contract is voidable (e. g. , for Misrepresentation). voidable contractUnlike a void contract (see VoidContract), whose legal status is as if it never existed, a voidable contract is one that remains in force until it is declared void by one of the contracting parties. For example, one of the parties may fraudulently misrepresent a service to be offered. The offended party may accordingly declare the contract void and refuse to be parachute by it (see Contract). However, if goods are exchanged under the contract before it is voided, then title is passed. With a void contract no title passes, because in effect the contract never existed.

National Crime Prevention Council Essay

Cyber b all in allyrag and cybersuicide were the the topics on the news documentary CNNs Headline premier(a) on Tuesday adjoin 27th, 2007 at 800-900 p. m. The show account on information and examples of lucre intimidation in widely distributed, along with cases of cyber-suicide. atomic number 53 of the stories reported on equaled a teen boy texting on the Internet that he wanted to kill himself. Others online egged him on, offered him a gun to use and touted, bellyacheryou wont do it. The end result, the boy did kill himself.This wasnt the first time this has happened in cyberspace. The show even displayed the text of the messages. One boy wrote several(prenominal)thing to the effect Was this for real? after it became apparent the one juvenility followed through on his online threat of suicide. According to a survey from the subject Crime Prevention Council, 33% of learners between the ages of 8 and 18 come at least one person who has been a victim of cyber browbeat (Shyrock, 2006). Bullying and suicide turn in always been around.As technology and computers fall into place our lives, I guess it should not be too surprising that routine events that once occurred in person are now pervading the Internet. Cyberbullying is sending or posting harmful or cruel text or images victimization the Internet or other digital communication devices (Cyberbullying, 2007). Cyberthreats were also discussed on CNNs Headline Prime and are a related concern. A cyberthreat is online material that threatens or raises concerns about violence against others, suicide, or other self-harm.The dickens kinds of cyberthreats that are direct threats are actual threats to hurt someone or commit suicide. some(prenominal) of the things I looking individuals, groups and society should do to amend this problem with cyberbullying and cybersuicide is occurring. The problem of cyberbullying has begun to be addressed in different ways. wind vane situates corresponding the Cen ter for the Safe and Responsible Internet Use site (CSRUI), Cyberbully. org. and cyber-safe-kids. com have been established to address the problem. CSRUI provides resources for educators and others to promote the safe and responsible use of the Internet.The didactics on their home foliate says, Mobilizing educators, parents, students, and others to combat online social cruelty (Cyberbullying, 2007). The United States G everyplacenment with the secretarial assistant of Defense has introduced a non-profit organization i-Safe that aims at educating children, teens and adults about the harm of unregulated Internet (Cyberbullying, 2007). i-Safe works with schools, communities and law enforcement in creating programs to inform parents and children about the Internet, oblation I-mentors and preparing individuals and communities on Internet bullying.Nancy Willard has an online document site that addresses legislative and school policies concerning cyberbullying. On this site, Cyberbullyi ng Legislation and School Policies Where are the Boundaries of the Schoolhouse Gate in the virtual(prenominal) World, Willard addresses such things as the history of cyberbullying, how cyberbullying affects students, and the policies and legislation concerning with cyberbullying. On Willards page she states that legislation is pending in a number of states to address the concern of cyberbullying.Many school districts are also adopting policies to address cyberbullying(Willard, 2007). Insofar as to incorporate material weve learned in class, our text, and the various online sites to apply to this cyberbullying issue, not too surprisingly I read that Many bullies come from families where at that place is poor parenting (Cyberbullying, 2007). However, of course, like about social problems, this doesnt explain all of it. As technology and communication have expanded, so have the problems that go with it like cyberbullying.I believe I read in our textual matter something similar, alon g with other readings that those who are victims of cyberbullying or bullying in general are not too likely to seek help from authorities. Some signs that someone is a victim of cyberbullying can include trouble sleeping, upkeep of liberation out of the house, acting out aggression at home, stories that dupet seem to make sense, unexplained loss of money or loss of personal items (Cyberbullying, 2007). From what I have read for this assignment, the social causes of bullying stem from aspects of a childs surroundings including their family and friends and in some cases, lack thereof.Often a child models him or herself after those in their immediate environment. If ones family is disrespectful, argues and makes fun of each other, this type of manner can become comfortable outside the home (Cyberbullying, 2007). Jack Kalousek, student activities director at Franklin High School in Livonia, Michigan believes that most cyber bullying stems from feelings of inferiority or jealousy on the part of the bully. These deal (the bullies) tend to have conflicts with other students and elevate their own worth by tearing down others.I believe their goal is to make themselves feel better by making someone else feel worse (Shyrock, 2006). As far as the social consequences of bullies, bullies tend to have more appeal convictions than their peers, are more prone to alcoholism, are far less social, and over time becomes more isolated from their peers (Cyberbullying, 2007). I agree with the educational clay for getting heterogeneous in addressing the problem of online bullying. I also delight in the various organizations and legislation that is focusing on this social ill.However, in my seek I read little about the role of parents in this online bullying which surprises me somewhat. I suppose its not too uncommon these long time to hand over issues to organizations and legislatures, however, I wish parents felt they had a authoritative role in this problem because I fee l that they could if they communicated more with their children and involved themselves in this social problem on an individual level. Online is just a parallel of real life the same rules have to be alter and applied, says Parry Aftab, executive director of WiredSafety.If you do something wrong, there are going to be ramifications. Kids need to learn they have to be accountable (Cyberbullying, 2005). Bibliography CyberBullying. Retrieved butt against 27, 2007, from Sociology 102 Group Project Web site http//mblog. lib. umich. edu/cyberbulling/archives/2007/03/the_gender_fact. html (2005, bollocksch 29). Cyberbullying Pervades the Public School Experience. Retrieved March 29, 2007, from Issues & Controversies. Facts on File watchword Services. Internet Bullying. Headline Prime. CNN. March 27, 2007. Paulson, Amanda (2003, Dec 30). Internet Bullying.Retrieved March 29, 2007, Web site http//www. csmonitor. com/2003/1230/plls01-legn. html Shryock, Kathleen Wilson. (2006, April 01 ). Bullies in Cyberspace. Leadership for Student Activities. eLibrary. Proquest. 29 Mar 2007. <http//elibrary. bigchalk. com>. Willard, Nancy (2007, March). Cyberbullying Legislation and School Policies Where are the Boundaries of the Schoolhouse Gate in the virtual(prenominal) World. Retrieved March 30, 2007, from Center for the Responsible Use of the Internet Web site http//www. cyberbully. org/docs/cblegislation. pdf

Square Pharma Ltd

SQUARE PHARMACEUTICALS LIMITED Mission Our Mission is to erect and interpret quality & innovative healthc atomic number 18 relief for people, of importtain severely ethical endureard in stage worry ope parityalityn in asset ensuring multipurposeness to the sh ar yielders, stake sustenanceers and the society at rotund. Vision We view song of business as a promoter to the tangible and social well up macrocosm of the investors, employees and the society at large, guide to accretion of wealth through mo winary and moral gains as a kick downstairs of the process of the human civilization. ObjectivesOur objectives be to conduct transp atomic number 18nt business surgical process based on commercialize mechanism within the jural & social frame execution with aims to attain the mission reflected by our vision. worldly concern(prenominal) pharmaceutic Indus hand all(prenominal)where Overview T he pharmaceutical fabrication of the world develops and mar ts medicines prescribed for patients by medical practiti wizardrs. The U. S. , U. K and European pharmaceutical companies be the major ones of the labor. The center number of major pharmaceutical companies worldwide is estimated to be round 50.The orbicular pharmaceutical intentness recorded annual rank of $830 trillion in 2010 with a healthy harvest-home wander of roughwhat 5 to 6 percent. While the pharmaceutical industry in regions the likes of Latin America, Europe and Japan ar growing at a steady rate (which is more(prenominal) atomic number 18 slight equal to that of the boilers suit industry), the developing regions like China and India ar recording corresponding growth in double go fors. Industry analysts predict that the pharmaceutical market would poke step up $1. 1 trillion by2015 with the bonnie growth rate of around 7 percent.Bangladeshs Pharmaceutical Industry Overview T he Bangladesh pharmaceutical market in 2004 stood at approximately US $ 560 million, which was very(prenominal) teentsy when equated to the nation base of the country, which menstruationly stood at just about 140 million. To localise this number on a proper perspective, the number global pharmaceutical ex form in 2004 was $430 billion. This is expected to grow at 8. 1% to about $530 billion in 2005. However today, the pharmaceutical companies in Bangladesh ar one of the meteoric growing sectors in the nation.Prior to stomach- sack, the Multinational companies utilise to dominate the market scarcely today this situation has been completely reversed. Now approximately 80% of the municipal pharmaceutical conduct is met by the local companies. In 2010, the total surface of the pharma market of Bangladesh was estimated to be USD 100bn with an annual growth rate of about 24. 58%, which has the amplyest annual growth in the world. With high growth rank and increasing demand for harvest-feasts both locally and all overseas Bangladeshs Pharmace utical Industry is straightaway heading towards self-sufficiency.Eventually pharmaceutical industry got an occasion to post a growth supra 20% in 2010. Fig. Growth run in Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Industry SQUARE PHARMACEUTICALS COMPANY PROFILE confede balancen Name agora Pharmaceuticals Ltd Corporate Headquarters straight Center48, Mohakhali, C/ADhaka- 1212BangladeshPhone + 880 28316323Mobile + 880 01670507907Fax + 880 29348365 pulverization Premises Plot 18, Main Road, Section 9Kaliakoir, GazipurPhone +880 2 8924240Fax No +880 2 8316323 Founded January 1, 1958Scope of the Business Manufacturing and marketing of pharmaceutical drugs placard of Directors crap H Chowdhury Founder and Ex- ChairmanSamuel H Chowdhury Managing DirectorTapan Chowdhury Managing Director/ DirectorJahanara Chowdhury DirectorKazi Harunur Rashid DirectorKazi Iqbal Harun Director Number of Employees 400 Associated shore Janata pious platitude1, Dilkusha C/ADhaka- 1000 Associated Auditor Andrew Gomes and Co. Authorized uppercase 1,000, 000,000 TK Issued and Outstanding grants 10,000,000 TK draft Compevery History S qu are Pharmaceuticals Limited, one of the partitionings of shape Group, the main flagship of this feature group of companies, is safe concuring the depend able escapeership position in the pharmaceutical industry of Bangladesh since 1985 and is now on its way to neat a high per variateance global player. The comp both was founded in 1958 by Samson H. Chowdhury along with third of his friends as a surreptitious debauched. It went public in 1991 and is topically listed on the Dhaka Stock Exchange. shape Pharmaceuticals Ltd. the flagship play along, is holding the strong leadership position in the pharmaceutical industry of Bangladesh since 1985 and it has been continuously in the counterbalance position among all national and multinational companies since 1985. jog Pharmaceuticals Ltd. is now on its way to becoming a high execution global player. They named the social club SQUARE because it was started by four friends and in either case because it signifies accuracy and flawlessness meaning quality as they committed in manufacturing quality harvests.Now, that small friendship of 1958 is a publicly listed diversified group of companies employing more than 28,000 people. The accredited coursely group employee derangement is 616 million USD. In the modern war-ridden market, SQUARE today is a name non only know in the Pharmaceutical world, notwithstanding in any case known as a symbol of quality- based consumer product. All these were achievable delinquent to the innovative cerebproportionns, unflagging efforts, perseverance and dedication with self-confidence of its centering and workforce, which contributed to their successful achievements.Under a alive(p) leadership, SQUARE is set to continue its progress globally. OBJECTIVES 1. Finding out the work detonating device forethought of the union by de call ining the relationship surrounded by the current summations and current liabilities. 2. Discussing quoteor, debtor, gun contrast winning and notes anxiety of the caller-out to gift whether they are in force(p) in managing these. 3. To identify the financial strengths & flunk of the corpo proportionalityn with the help of different proportions. 4. Through the net emolument proportion & early(a) wage exponent ratio, understand the profit major power of the party. 5.Evaluating unions writ of execution relating to financial resignment analysis. SCOPE The focusing of working(a) bang-up helps us to maintain the working dandy at a satisfying train by managing the current additions and current liabilities. It also helps to maintain proper balance surrounded by profitability, guess and runniness of the business signifi quartertly. By managing the working big(p), current liabilities are paid in cadence. If the secure dedicates defrayment to its assentor s for naked material in date, it open fire build the availability of bare-ass material regularly, which does not cause any obstacles in yield process.Adequate working heavy(p) change magnitudes give birthing capacity of the business but the excess working with child(p) causes more caudex, maturations the possibility of delay in realization of debts. On the different hand, absence of adequate working roof leads to decrease in r each(prenominal) on investing. The good break down out of the immobile is also perversely affected due to the inability to pay current liabilities in circumstance. Hence, the care of working capital helps to manage all the factors affecting the working capital in the closely profitable manner. MethodologyPrimary entropy assembly- We did not use any primary data get wording method such(prenominal)(prenominal) as victorious interviews of gainice military force. Secondary data bundle upion- For this report we wealthy person sucke d our data mainly from the annual report. We have conducted the report based on 6 social classs financial report of lame Pharmaceuticals from 2005 to 2010. In our report we fork overed working capital worry under which we showed computer addressor, debtor, phone line-take and bullion commission. We also took data from different websites as well as our text book for germane(predicate) nurture. Company OrganogramThe overall attention and superintendence of the lodge is vested in the mount of Directors. Since the demise of the founder and chairman of the follow Mr. Samson H Chowdhury, the dissipateds day to day acts are now being run by his son Mr. Tapan H Chowdhury. He is supported by a group of highly qualified professionals. The basic structure for the Board of Directors for the caller-out are stipulation downstairs, The board of directors is thusly responsible for hiring a CEO and a counsel team whose duty go forth be to manage the daily operations of unbow ed Pharmaceuticals.SWOT Analysis Strengths * Establishing strong diffusion channel through franchising both in local and international market. * failing * Obsolescence of current technology used in pharmaceutical plants * Dependency on imports of raw materials from foreign markets chance * Building strong brand epitome of a pharmaceutical company, that toilet be carried to the global market * Opport social social unity to grow in the local market as well as the international market immense un-captured market in Africa. Threats * Any adverse change in the Government Drug form _or_ system of government and Import Policy * Restrictions from the Department of Environment on plant facilities in Pabna. WORKING big(p) MANAGEMENT work Capital Management work capital is the property inevitable for running day-by-day business of a theater. Hence, it is the lifeline of any business concern. The basic theme of working capital management is to pass on adequate support for mobi le and efficient functioning of normal day-to-day business by striking a employment impinge on betwixt the tether dimensions of working capital liquid state, profitability and risk (Sur & Chakroborty, 2011).Excessive working capital leads to unproductive use of scarce resources and inadequate working capital interrupts the smooth flow of business activity and profitability. The balance allocation of working capital funds between inventories, book debts and an early(a)(prenominal) components of working capital is a crucial phase in Working Capital Management. According to Harris (2005) Working capital management is a simple and straightforward concept of ensuring the ability of the buckram to fund the difference between the nearsighted term assets and suddenly term liabilities.Nevertheless, a complete and mean approach is preferred to deny all of a companys activities relate to vendors, customer and product (Hall, 2002). Now a days working capital management is considere d as the main central issue in the firms, and financial managers are trying to identify the basic drivers and take of working capital management (Lamberson, 1995). Scope of Working Capital Management As we have translaten out front working capital management is the ability of a company to pay its operations through its current assets and current liabilities.Current Assets are those assets that can be born-again into bills within one year without diminishing its range. well-nigh of the major current assets are hard bills, marketable securities, accounts due and origin. Current liabilities are those liabilities which are intended to be paid within a year of inception. Some major current liabilities include accounts payable, bills payable, patois overdraft and prominent expenses. immenseness of Working Capital ManagementThe importance of working capital management stems from 2 reasons (i) A substantial portion of the investment is invested in current assets, and (ii) T he level of current assets egest change quickly, with the transformation in unrefined barters. Hence, in this study, an search has been made to try out the size and composition of working capital and whether such an investment has change magnitude or rejectd over a stoppage of cardinal old age. After determining the requirement of current assets, one of the important tasks of the financial manager is to select a group of appropriate sources of pay for the current assets.Normally, the excess of current assets over current liabilities should be financed by the long-run sources. It is not potential to find out precisely which long-term sources has been used to finance current assets, but it can be examined as to what proportion of current assets has been financed by long-term funds. Why is working capital call for? hard notes scrutinise Receivables Given that the basic assumption of finance is to maximize dish outholders righteousness it is necessary to generate su fficient profits.In general we can come out that profits are the direct product of gross revenue. Thus it is safe to hypothesise that in high society to earn profits a business call for to have a successful sales program. However sales do not convert into gold easily and t here(predicate) is an invariable time lag between the sale of goods and the receipts of cash. There is therefore the exigency for working capital in the form of current assets to deal with the fuss arising out of the lack of immediate realization of cash against that of the goods exchange. Technically this is referred to as the operational cycle.In a simpler form the term cash cycle refers to the time pauperismed to complete the following activities 1. Conversion of coin into origin- purchase of raw materials, conversion of raw materials into WIP inventory, and at long last transferring the completed goods to the warehouse for sale. 2. Conversion of muniment into Accounts Receivables through sales - this happens when firms acquit recognition sales to customers 3. Conversion of Receivables into Cash- this is the stage where receivables are store uped from the credit sales that were made.If it were possible to complete the sequence of the troika events instantaneously there would be no need for current assets or current liabilities. However since cash inflows and cash outflows do not peer firms have to pass cash or invest in swindle term liquidities so that they allow be in a position to meet any obligations in case they arise. CASH MANAGEMENT Cash is an important current asset of the business. Cash is the basic input inevitable to keep the business running on a continuous basis, it is also the ultimate output expected to be realized by merchandising the product or armed receipts manufactured by the firm.The firm should keep sufficient cash, neither more or less cash shortage go forth disrupt the firms manufacturing operations bit luxuriant cash will simply remai n idle, without contributing anything towards the firms profitability. Cash is the money which a firm can disburse flat without any hindrance. The term cash includes coins, currency, and checks held by the firm as well as balances in the situate account. Some time near cash items such as marketable securities or bound time deposits are also included as cash.Facets of Cash Management Cash Management is pertain with lead things, i. Cash flows into and out of the firm ii. Cash flows within the firm iii. Cash balances held by the firm at a point of time by financing deficit or investing surplus cash The cash management process can be fighted by the cash management cycle as shown below, Motives for retentivity Cash A firms reason for holding cash whitethorn be to three main reasons 1. Transactional- the transaction motive requires a company to hold cash for daily transaction purposes.The firm postulate cash to set forth with to make payments for purchases, wages, salaries and otherwisewise operating(a) expenses such as judgees and dividends. On the other hand there is a regular cash inflow into the company from sales operations, returns on outside investments and so on. However these inflows and outflows are not always synchronized and hence the firm needs to hold an special cash balance. 2. Precautionary- the precautionary motive requires a company to hold cash to meet contingencies in the early. It provides a break or a lover to withstand any unexpected emergencies.The summation of precautionary cash we need to have will depend on the predictability of the cash flows. If cash flows can be predicted with accuracy then less precautionary cash will be take, and vice versa. The sum total of precautionary cash a firm holds will also depend on how quickly a firm will be able to borrow money at short notice. Stronger the ability to borrow cash the less precautionary cash that needs to be kept. 3. Speculative- the unsound motive requires the compan y to hold cash for future investments in profit making opportunities if required.These opportunities whitethorn arise when there is a change in the hurt of securities n the stock market. When the elicit place on the markets are rising then firms will withhold cash, as this signals the drop in the price of the securities. When the interest rates are locomote then firms will invest in securities as this signals the rise in the price of securities in the near future. Objectives of Cash Management The basic objectives of cash management is to 1. Meet stipend Schedules-in order to meet payment schedules a firm needs to have sufficient cash to meet the cash disbursements of the firm.It is important for firms to have adequate cash because apart from providing just liquidity cash also helps to ensure that the a) Relationship with the desire is not forced b) The firm has a good relationship with trade creditors and suppliers of raw materials, as prompt payments help them with their ow n cash managements. c) Cash terminate can be obtained if payment is made in front the due date. d) creed scads remain high and hence the firm can purchase other goods on favorable terms and helps to maintain its line of credit with banks and other loan handling institutions. ) Advantage of favorable business opportunities is taken on a consequenceic basis. f) The company can unanticipated cash expense during expirations of strain. 2. Minimizing Funds Committed to Cash Balances- the second objective of cash management is to reduce the cash balances. While minimizing the cash balances two conflicting aspects of have to be reconciled. Firstly a large cash balance will ensure prompt payment. However it will also imply that large inwardnesss of funds will remain idle, and as we know cash is a non-earning asset. On the other hand a low level of cash balance means that the firm is not able to meet the payment schedule.Hence the aim of cash management should be to have an optimal amount of cash balance. Preparation of Cash Budget Cash figure is the around significant device to plan and mold cash receipts and payments. A cash budget is a summary statement of a firms expected inflows and outflows over a projected period of time. The cash budget gives the timing and the magnitude of future expected cash flows over the projected period. This cash budget helps finance managers plan the future cash requirements of the company, and make plans to look the liquidity of the company.In order to drum the cash budget practically nurture is required such as 1. Estimation of cash inflows- this includes all operating, non-operating and financing information of the company 2. Estimation of cash outflows- this includes * operational outflows (wages, payment of A/P and so on ) * Capital expenditures * Contractual payments (such as repayment of loans) and * Discretionary payments (dividends) Besides this it is also necessary to know the persona of credit sales vs. cas h sales being made and the middling collection period for accounts receivables.However since nearly of this information is company sensitive information, it was not possible for us to collect this information and hence we could not prepare the cash budget. CREDITORS MANAGEMENT realizationors/Payable Management Managing creditors / payables is a key part ofworking capital management. The working capital requirements of a firm are affected by credit terms granted by its creditors. A firm will need less working capital if escaped credit terms are obtainable to it. Similarly, the availability of credit from banks also influences the working capital needs of the firm.A firm which can get bank credit easily on favorable condition will kick the bucket with less working capital than a firm without such a facility. dole out credit is the simplest and most important source of short-term finance for many companies. The objectives ofpayablesmanagement are to ascertain theoptimum level o f trade credit to read from suppliers. Deciding on the level of credit to acceptis a balancing act between liquidity and profitability. By delaying payment to suppliers companies face possible problems * supplier whitethorn refuse to supply in future * supplier whitethorn only supply on a cash basis * there may be loss of constitution Supplier may increase price in future. Relationship between uncoiled Pharmaceuticals Ltd & Creditors The board of Square Pharmaceutical Ltd manages the financial proceedings and ensures to meet companys commitments to the lenders without default. This has resulted in securing lower interest rates from them financers. The company receives the highest level of banking services and conducts its business operations efficiently. The company enjoys the minimum interest rate on the lending by the banks. The company has established long term business relationship with the banks namely Janata Bank Ltd. , Citibank N.A, Standard Chartered Bank, HSBC Ltd. , easterly Bank Ltd. , Commercial Bank of Ceylon Ltd. , Mercantile Bank Ltd. , Bank Alfalah Ltd. , Shahjalal Islami Bank Ltd. , Trust Bank Ltd. , Bank Asia Ltd. and DEG Germany who provide most efficient service at minimum cost/interest that benefit the contributionholders. The company has neither ever defaulted in any commitment with its Bankers nor did get entangled in jural dispute at any court premises. Relationship between Square Pharmaceuticals Ltd Suppliers Square is a renowned company which imports plant and machinery and just about all the raw materials from well-known suppliers of abroad.It maintains cordial and mutually beneficial interest with its international as well as local suppliers and this has enabled the company to bar any legal disputes in international/local courts and enhanced the companys date as a good customer to its suppliers. Creditors & Sales 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 order of battle 18,579,768,546 15,264,808,445 11,401,786,553 9,706,402,257 8,231,097,525 7,455,061,355 Of sales 2,016,551,125 2,627,483,864 736,443,848 1534345782 2,669,693,184 1,818,777,878 Short Term ank loan Long-term loans-current portion. 477,141,480 478,199,933 462,090,211 295,590,601 297,002,646 225,176,449 2493692605 3105683797 1198534059 1829936383 2966695830 2043954327 keep down credit Creditsas a % of 13. 42% 20. 35% 10. 51% 18. 85% 36. 04% 27. 42% Sales In the figures of creditors only the creditors-Short term bank loans, long term bank loans- current portion which are related to purchases are taken. Other payments relating to tax, outstanding expenses or any other liability are not taken under it.The creditors as a section of sales show the sales of Square Pharma Ltd, generating from credit purchases up to what extent. If more sales are contributed by credit then the working capital required will be less. In the above table of the creditors as a percentage of sales focusin g on the data of 2006 to 2012 where we can see that the company achieved highest percentage in the year 2007-2008 but then it came down to 10. 51% in 2008-2009. During 2010-2011 periods the creditors as a percentage of sales again change magnitude to 20. 35% but then again it dropped to 13. 42% in 2011-2012 periods.Square Pharmaceuticals Ltd should try to enhance this percentage so that to increase sales the company does not need to rely on working capital but or else on credit. TRADE CREDITORS Time period 2011-2012 2010- 2011 2009-2010 2008-2009 2007-2008 2006-2007 2005-2006 Trade Creditors 875,431,555 733,369,218 394,715,915 124,222,699 124,222,699 100,953,258 60,601,743 79,390,166 The amounts shown in the above chart are the payables to regular suppliers of raw materials, packing materials, promotional materials etc. All suppliers were paid on a regular basis.Inventory Management Inventory management is the process of efficiently overseeing the constant flow of units into and out of an brisk inventory. This process unremarkably involves controlling the transfer in of units in order to prevent the inventory from becoming too high, or dwindling to levels that could put the operation of the company into jeopardy. Competent inventory management also seeks to control the costs associated with the inventory, both from the perspective of the total value of the goods included and the tax burden generated by the cumulative value of the inventory.Balancing the various tasks ofinventory management means paying attention to three key aspects of any inventory. The first aspect has to do with time. In terms of materials acquired for inclusion in the total inventory, this means understanding how long it takes for a supplier to process an order and execute a delivery. Inventory management also demands that a square(p) understanding of how long it will take for those materials to transfer out of the inventory be established. Knowing these two important lead clock mak es it possible to know when to place an order and how many units must be enjoin to keep writ of execution running smoothly.Calculating what is known as buffer stock is also key to effective inventory management. Essentially, buffer stock is supererogatory units above and beyond the minimum number required to maintain production levels. For example, the manager may determine that it would be a good idea to keep one or two extra units of a given up machine part on hand, just in case an pinch situation arises or one of the units proves to be defective once installed. Creating this cushion or buffer helps to minimize the chance for production to be break due to a lack of essential parts in the operation supply inventory.Inventory management is not modified to documenting the delivery of raw materials and the driveway of those materials into operational process. The movement of those materials as they go through the various stages of the operation is also important. Typically kn own as a goods or work in progress inventory, tracking materials as they are used to relieve oneself finished goods also helps to identify the need to adjust ordering amounts ahead the raw materials inventory gets dangerously low or is inflated to an unfavourable level. Finally, inventory management has to do with keeping accurate records of finished goods that are ready for shipment.This often means posting the production of newly holy goods to the inventory totals as well as subtracting the most recent shipments of finished goods to buyers. When the company has a return polity in place, there is usually a sub-category contained in the finished goods inventory to account for any returned goods that are reclassified as refurbished or second grade quality. Accurately maintaining figures on the finished goods inventory makes it possible to quickly convey information to sales personnel as to what is available and ready for shipment at any given time.In addition to maintaining cont rol of the volume and movement of various inventories, inventory management also makes it possible to prepare accurate records that are used for accessing any taxes due on each inventory type. Without precise data regarding unit volumes within each phase of the overall operation, the company cannot accurately matter the tax amounts. This could lead to underpaying the taxes due and possibly incurring stiff penalties in the event of an independent audit. Inventory as a strategic assetBy deploying inventory as a strategic asset kinda than a tactical sticking plaster, any memorial tablet can achieve * ? higher(prenominal) service levels with reduced inventory * ? simplified planning processes * ? reduced obsolescence * ? significant liberation of cash. However, this can only really be delivered in a sustainable way if the current inventory deployment can be modeled and assessed, and pick strategies developed and tested in a safe environment before any implementation of change.The in ventory profile can then be reviewed and re-aligned as the business evolves into new markets or new products come on stream. It is essential for the organization to hold the stocks to minimize the cost The important factors those need to manage inventory and run the production In other spoken language ,Inventory is an idle stock of physical goods that contain economic value, and are held in various forms by an organization in its custody awaiting packing, processing, transformation, use or sale in a future point of time. Any organization which is into roduction, trading, sale and service of a product will necessarily hold stock of various physical resources to aid in future aspiration and sale. While inventory is a necessary evil of any such business, it may be noted that the organizations hold inventories for various reasons, which include speculative purposes, functional purposes, physical necessities etc. From the above definition the following points stand out with reference to inventory * All organizations engaged in production or sale of products hold inventory in one form or other. Inventory can be in complete state or incomplete state. * Inventory is held to hurry future consumption, sale or move on processing/value addition. * All inventoried resources have economic value and can be considered as assets of the organization. The whole above process is needed to run a companys production. debitor management Trade Debtors or Sundry debtors or accounts receivable is the person(s) to whom goods are sold on credit and agreed to receive payment in future. If company starts to continue on on return of cash, then it decreases the level of companys sale and profitability.If company promotes credit sale, it can increase the risk of no-account debts. So, it is required to control and to manage debtors and to minimize the loss due to not receiving money from debtors is the main aim of debtor management. Main elements or dimensions of Debtors management 1. Credit indemnity Credit policy effects debtor management because it guides management about how to control debtors and how to make balance between liberal and strict credit. This liberated credit policy which means there is no restriction in case of credit sales will increase the amount of sale and profitability.If goods sold to those debtors whose capability to pay is not good, then it is possible that some amount will become bad debts. Company can increase the time limit for paying by such debtors. On the other hand, if companys credit policy is strict, then it will increase liquidity and security, but decrease the profitability. So, finance manager should make credit policy at optimum level where profitability and liquidity will be equal. We can show it graphically Sub part of credit policy- (a) Length of Credit periodLength of credit period is also an element that affects decisions of finance manager relating to manage debtors. It is the time which allows to debtor to pay his debt for purchasing goods on credit from vendor. Finance manager can increase the length of credit period according to reputation of customers. (b) Cash discount Cash discount is technique to get money faster from debtors. It is cost of investment in credit sale. Again many companies provide with cash discount to attract more customers and increase the overall sales of the company. 2. Credit policy analysisIt means decision relating to analysis of credit policy. Evaluation and analysis of credit policy is based on following factors. a) parade of debtors information For analyzing the financial position of debtors, information relating to debtors need to be undisturbed. This information can be obtained from customers financial statements of previous years, bank reports, and information given by credit rating agencies. These information is useful for deciding where debtors are capable to get credit sales and whether they will be able pay out the outstanding debt or not. b) Credit D ecisionsAfter hive away and analyzing the debtors information, manager has to decide whether company should facilitate to sell goods on credit or not. If company sells the goods on credit to particular debtor, then at what level it will be sold after seeing his position. For this manager can fix the standard for providing goods on credit. If a particular debtor is below than given standard, then he should not accept his proposal of buying goods on credit. 3. Formulation army Policy To get the fund faster from debtor, the following steps will be taken under formulation of collection policy. ) Send reminding garner for paying debt b) Take the help of debt collection agency for getting bad debt. c) To do legal action against bad debtors. d) To request personally to debtor to pay his dues on mobile or email. e) Finance manager should superintend collection position through bonnie collection period from preceding(a) sundry debtor and their dollar volume ratio. f) To make ageing sc hedule. Debtor management of Square Pharmaceuticals from 2005-2010 Trade debtors occurred in the ordinary course of business are unsecured but considered good. Ageing of the debtors from 2004 to 2010 is as follows 012 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 Below 30 old age 317,174,045 239,122,710 189,657,421 209,027,961 247,995,969 138,729,113 131,653,153 Within 31-60 age 188,262,890 78,672,302 43,329,446 32,015,833 37,053,893 30,428,440 63,588,500 Within 61-90 long time 94,301,441 49,905,875 12,010,002 9,245,177 15,330,219 14,028,426 20,624,190 Above 90 age 208,573,338 404,720,458 263,252,305 227,273,031 59,865,565 139,678,658 72,866,294 Tk. 808,311,714 772,421,345 508,249,174 477,562,002 322,864,637 360,245,646 288,732,137 Debtor derangement ratioDebtor turnover ratio is the relationship between credit sales and average debtors and it is also called account receivable turnover ratio. Debtor overturn ratio = Credit Sales / second-rate Debtors Year 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 c lear up credit sales 288,732,137 360,245,646 322,864,637 477,562,002 508,249,174 772,421,345 808,311,714 Avg. debtors 278,129,939 324,488,892 341,555,142 400,213,320 492,905,588 640,335,260 790,366,530 Debtor Turnover ratio 1. 04 1. 11 0. 95 1. 20 1. 03 1. 21 1. 02 Debtors turnover ratio shows how long people ordinarily take to pay a firm for purchases on average. By comparability between the periods, management can tell if they are collecting their receivables speedy or chronic on average.If a firms debtors turnover ratio is higher than the amount the firm normally gives people to repay their credit, then the firm is doing a poor job of collecting receivables. The term Debtor Collection Period indicates the average time taken to collect trade debts. Debtors collection period = 365 eld/Debtor turnover ratio Year 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Debtors collection period 338 351 329 384 304 354 302 358 here the number of days shows how long it takes Square Pharmaceuticals to collect its receivables and we know that reducing period of time is an indicator of increasing readiness. Here we can see that there is a fluctuation in the ratio over the time period.It takes a lot of time for the company to collect the receivables. But the company should try to minimize the collection period to get more efficient performance. Export debtors Due from export sales agnise amount Unrealized amount 2005 14,724,353 12,194,435 2,529,918 2006 26,490,877 10,330,471 16,160,406 2007 773,713,422 92,961,015 80,752,407 2008 33,874,927 13,852,927 20,022,000 2009 63,096,760 57,957,585 5,139,175 2010 31,693,422 16,089,143 15,604,279 2011 64,924,422 35,758,364 29,166,058 2012 98,568,421 62,347,054 36,221,367 From the above chart it is visible that the credit sales from export also have some uncollected receivable amount from the period of 2005-2010. The management needs to be more efficient in case of collecting the receivables from the debtors to ensure companys pro fitability. In all those years there was no amount due by the directors, managing agent, manager and other officers of the company and any of them severally or together with with any other person. Also no amount is due by associate undertakings. Debtors and Working Capital As on 31st demonstrate ears 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Debtors 288,732,137 360,245,646 322,864,637 477,562,002 508,249,174 772,421,345 808,311,714 WorkingCapital 1,770,929,474 1,126,944,426 910,991,333 1,202,644,301 2,557,566,793 2,354,024,414 2,492,572,163 As a % of W. C. 16. 30% 31. 97% 35. 44% 39. 71% 19. 87% 32. 81% 32. 24% There a fluctuation in the ratio over the time period and it has decreased from 2005 to 2006 then again increase in 2007, 2008 and 2009. Again it dropped in 2010 and again rose in 2011 and 2012. The lower the ratio is the go bad so management should try to manage their accounts receivables policy properly. RATIO ANALYSISCompany MKT Size Growth in 2011 Market Share 2011 2012 Squ are Pharmaceuticals 15,725. 8 20. 5% 18. 7% 19. 2% Incepta Pharmaceuticals 7,851. 5 28. 6% 9. 3% 9. 0% Beximco Pharmaceuticals 7,415. 0 30. 5% 8. 8% 8. 4% OpsoninPharma 4,275. 4 27. 2% 5. 1% 4. 9% Renata 4,076. 8 26. 1% 4. 9% 4. 8% Total Sector 84,044. 1 23. 6% Key fiscal Highlights Before tone ending to the main part of the paper, which is financial ratio analysis of Square Pharmaceuticals Limited, some key financial data about the company can give deep understanding on the companys financial positions and performance. light up bring in pay profit also change magnitude all over the last six years. In from 2006-2012 net profit increased by 6. 06%, 36. 76%, 10. 48% and 21. 26% respectively. But key point here is that the rate of increment from year to year is not so ofttimes consistent, although increment of turnover is very much consistent from one year to another. This also indicate that increment of expenditures were not consistent from these years. Asset proportion Analysis Performance evaluation of a company is usually related to how well a company can use its assets, shareholder equity and liability, tax income and expenses. Financial ratio analysis is one of the best tools of performance evaluation of any company.In order to determine the financial position of the Square Pharmaceutical Limited and to make a judgment of how well is the efficiency of Square Pharmaceutical Limited, its operation and management and how well the company has been able to utilize its assets and earn profit. We use ratio analysis for easily meter of efficiency, liquidity position, asset management circumstance, investment condition, and profitability, market value and debt insurance coverage situation of the Square Pharmaceutical Limited for performance evaluation. It analyzes that how the company uses of its assets and control of its expenses. It determines the greater the coverage of liquid assets to short-term liabilities and it also compute ability to pay. It measures overall efficiency and performance of Square Pharmaceutical Limited.It determines of share market condition of Square Pharmaceutical Limited. Square Pharmaceutical Limited is the most famous company in Bangladesh. It was established in 1958 but their converted into public limited company in 1991. It is the first among all national, multinational, private and public of pharmaceutical company of Bangladesh. Their mission is to produce and provide quality healthcare relief of people, maintain strongly ethical standard in business operation also ensuring benefit to the shareholder, stakeholder, and society. Their vision is social eudaemonia of the investors, employee and society at large, wealth financial and moral gains as a part of the process of the human civilization.Their objectives are to conduct transparent business operation based on market mechanism within the legal and social frame work. Financial ratios are useful indicators of a firms performance and financial situation. Financial ratios can be used to analyze thin outs and to compare the firms financials to those of other firms. Financial ratios can be classified according to the information they provide. The following types of ratios frequently are used 1. Liquidity ratios 2. Asset management ratios 3. Debt management ratios 4. lucrativeness ratios 5. Market value ratios interpretation and Analysis of Financial balances LIQUIDITY RATIOS Liquidity ratios are the first ones to come in the picture.These ratios in truth show the relationship of a firms cash and other current assets to its current liabilities. Two ratios are discussed under Liquidity ratios. They are 1. Current ratio 2. discharge Working Capital 3. straightaway/ paneling Test ratio. 4. Cashflow to Total Debt 5. Cash Cycle 6. Cash Turnover 7. fire Liquid Balance Liquidity symmetry 2006-2007 2007-2008 2008-2009 2009-2010 2010-2011 2011-2012 Current ratio 1. 44 1. 26 1. 46 2. 15 1. 50 1. 59 Net Working Ca pital 1126945 910991 1202644 2557567 2354025 2492572 Quick ratio 0. 84 0. 68 0. 66 1. 05 0. 96 1. 58 Cashflow to Total Debt 0. 81 0. 60 1. 30 2. 21 1. 04 1. 51 Cash Cycle 138. 33 145. 63 140. 4 158. 5 142. 39 114. 9 Cash Turnover 2. 63 2. 50 2. 6 2. 30 2. 56 3. 18 Net Liquid Balance 17906710 18117139 71456952 65071270 75554041 259448647 1. Current balance It is the ratio of current assets to current liabilities. comment * In 2012, Square Pharmaceuticals current assets were 1. 59 times of its current liabilities. Current ratio increased steady from 2006 to 2010 except for the year 2007 when it decreased compared to previous year and then lastly it settled to 1. 59. * According to the industry average Squares current ratio is far-off above at 1. 59 times, were as the industry average lies at 1. 8 times, so indicates a good performance by Square. The current ratio figure of Square indicates that their proportionate increase in assets has been more than their proportionate increase in liability because of which the ratio figure increased over the period. 2. Quick Ratio It is the ratio of current assets, excluding inventory, to current liabilities. Interpretation * In 2012, Square Pharmaceuticals current assets, excluding inventory, was 0. 96 times of its current liabilities. * Quick ratio did not follow the same upward trend of increasing, it drip from 0. 84 (2007) to 0. 68 (2008) and 0. 66 (2009) and it increased in 2010, again taking a fall and landing on 0. 96 times in 2011. Again, it slightly go in 2012 to 0. 95. * The companys quick ratio was below the industry average unlike current ratio, which appears to be a negative sign. Comparing the current ratio and quick ratio, we can solve that the company had a high amount of inventory, which lead to a high current ratio but a low quick ratio. Net Liquid Balance 2011-12 2010-11 2009-10 2008-09 2007-08 2006-07 NLB 17,906,710 18,117,139 71,456,952 65,071,270 75,554,041 259,448,647 Net liquid balance for the square pharmaceuticals limited is increasing in the recent years 2011 and 2010. In 2006 company got the highest NLB of Tk. 259,448,674. Holding too much idle balance is bad as company lose investment opportunity. Thus the company invested in short term loan in the following years. In recent years, company holding some handsome amounts of NLB. So the NLB position of square pharmaceuticals is good in recent years.ASSET MANAGEMENT RATIO ASSET MANAGEMENT RATIOS Asset management ratios are the financial statement ratios that measure how effectively a business uses and controls its assets. Below are discussed five types of asset management ratios 1. Inventory turnover ratio 2. The days sales outstanding 3. come payment period 4. Fixed asset turnover ratio 5. Total asset turnover ratio Asset management ratio 2006-2007 2007-2008 2008-2009 2009-2010 2010-2011 2011-2012 Total Asset Turnover 2. 76 2. 40 2. 70 2. 97 3. 03 3. 25 Inventory Turnover Ratio 2. 76 2. 39 2. 70 2. 97 3. 03 3. 25 eld in Inventory 132. 27 138. 98 132. 05 152. 34 135. 04 122. 8 Average payment period 89 days 174 days 207 days 199 days 120 days 112 Days sales outstanding 13 days 13 days 15 days 14 days 18 days 20 days Total Asset Turnover Ratio It is the ratio of sales to total assets. Interpretation * In 2012, the companys every 1-taka worth of Total Assets generated 0. 15 taka of sales. * Overall the total asset turnover improved over the years, except for the years except for 2008 when it felled to . 14 times, but it gradually increased throughout 2009 to 2011 and stood at . 14 times at 2011. This is a good sign of utilization of assets. * The companys performance seems to be very satisfactory as total asset turnover is far above the industry average of 0. 33 times.Overall, the performance is very good. Inventory Turnover ratio It is the number of times a company sells and restocks its inventory. Interpretation * In 2012 the company sold and restocked its inventory 3. 41 times. * Inventory turno ver ratio for Square has been fluctuating between the period 2007 and 2010 very insignificantly rising to a level of 3. 03 times in 2011. * The companys rate of inventory turnover is higher than the industry average of 2. 2 times, so we can conclude that the company is efficiently and quickly exchange off and restocking its inventory. The companys balance sheets show increase of inventory with declining turnover every year.Declining inventory turnover commonly indicates that the company is not being able to flush its inventory very well as it was doing in the previous years. A low turnover rate may point to overstocking, obsolescence, or deficiencies in the product line or marketing effort. High inventory levels are unhealthy because they represent an investment with a zero rate of return in addition to the increased cost associated with maintaining those inventories. It also opens the company up to trouble should prices begin to fall. However, in some instances a low rate may by appropriate, such as where higher inventory levels occur in arithmetic mean of rapidly rising prices or shortages. In order to improve Inventory Turnover ratio, at first an end-to-end view in addressing inventory needs to be looked at.Supply chains need to be optimized, production processes should have to be efficient as well, so that the suppliers become able to produce and deliver materials in a timely, low cost fashion that allows the company to minimize their inventory and cost of materials. Collaborative relationships with customers can allow them to make their demand for products more predictable thereby allowing to minimize finished product inventory without failing to meet their needs for volume and timeliness. Discount-driven sales may generate a boost in sales. Such discounts can wear away the companys profit adjustments but will boost revenue and rate of inventory turnover. The company energy look like it is becoming leaner, when in fact it may simply be pushing produ cts into the marketplace using artificial low pricing. However, before it can be done, the gross margins reported by the business needs to be analyzed carefully.If gross margins decrease as a percentage of sales in anguish of an increase in inventory turnover, they should not apply this policy. Supplier-financed inventory may reduce inventories and show improved inventory turnover by forcing suppliers to carry the inventory for the company. The suppliers assume the cost of maintaining inventory and passes that cost on. Alternatively, the company may reduce inventory by the use of express shipment or other costly means of delivery to ensure the availability of materials and supplies when needed. Solutions of maintaining inventory that simply shift cost to suppliers return the cost in added mark-ups to the materials and supplies purchased. This results in a rise in unit product unit cost.Days in Inventory It shows the time taken by the company to sell out its inventory. Interpretatio n * In 2012, the company held onto its inventory for 123 days before sell it out. * In 2011, the company held onto its inventory for 120 days before selling it out. * Days in inventory rose dramatically in 2008 to 152 days in it slowly climbed down to 120 days in 2011. The company is improving in quickly selling off its inventory rather tying it back and arising cost. * In 2010, however its value was below the industry average, which shows its good position among competitors. Square has the lowest days in inventory. Average Collection Period It shows the time taken by the company to collect its account Interpretation For Square Pharmaceuticals, it took an average of 18 days to collect its accounts receivables from its customers in 2011. * The ACP started to peak up after 2008 with 15 days (2009) and then falling to 14 days ( 2010) and then it gradually increased to 18 days in 2011 and stood there. The company seems to be inconsistent in collecting its debt and it is increasing whic h is a bad sign cause it will lead to a scenario of funds being tied up. * The companys figure is really below the industry average, which is a good sign for the company as it indicates that they at least more efficient in collecting their funds then their competitors. They will have more cash available at hand by elongating the payment periodSince the DSO was the highest in 2004-05 that indicates that customers were taking longer times to pay their bills, which may be a warning that customers were disgruntled with the companys product or service, or that salespeople were making sales to customers that are less credit-worthy, or that salespeople have to offer longer payment terms in order to seal the deal. Long credit policy might be used deliberately to boost sales temporarily. Of course, it could also mean that the company has an inefficient or overtaxed accounts receivables department. However, the significant improvement in 2005-06 signifies that the company collected its outst anding receivables quicker than the previous years and that the credit terms are getting more realistic.It also connotes that the company had greater control over quality of its customer relationship management (CRM) during the following year. Average Payment Period It shows the time taken by the company to pay off its accounts payable. Interpretation * In 2011, it took an average of 120 days for the company to pay its accounts payables. * The companys average payment period started to rise from the period 2008 and continued to rise till 2009 amounting at 207 days and then it started to decline in 2010 and stood at 120 days in 2011. * The companys payment period was below the industry average which shows the company might be at lack of fund due to paying off its creditors early, than its competitors .The underlying reason for the ratio to go up is the significant increase of companys debt especially short and long term bank loans (which made the current portion of long-term loans hi gh). Each year this amount is getting higher than the previous years. Furthermore, in 2004-05 there was a huge sum trade credits unpaid. All these played key berth for the payables to increase. A long payment period at first improves the companys liquidity, but may also be an indicator for liquidity problems. Therefore, it is important to keep the value equal or close to the average value. Since the companys payment period is getting longer, i. e. the company pays too late, then it means the liquidity problem of the company.The company probably lacks of the money to pay its liability. Hence, questions may arise on the companys credit worthiness and paying habits. It has long been recognize that late payment of business debt is a serious problem for suppliers of goods and services. new-fashioned Payment can make it necessary for a company to increase borrowing and to extend overdraft facilities. Time and resources can be taken up on maintaining and collecting late payments instead of being devoted to other areas of business. PROFITABILITY RATIOS Profitability is the net result of a number of policies and decisions. Profitability ratios show the combined effects of liquidity, asset management and debt on operating results.There are four important profitability ratios that we are going to analyze 1. Net Profit Margin 2. Gross Profit Margin 3. outlet on Asset 4. Return on Equity 5. net income Per Share Gross Profit Margin It is calculated by dividing gross profit by sales. Interpretation * In 2012, for every 100-taka worth of sales, Square Pharmaceuticals get 43. 2 taka * In 2011, for every 100-taka worth of sales, Square Pharmaceuticals earned 42. 8 taka. * Over the period of five years, Square Pharmaceuticals had an inclining trend lede to a stable rate of 42. 8% over the past three years. This is an indication of consistent and stable performance. The cross sectional analysis shows that the company has been maintaining its profit well enough as it is far above the industry average of 27. 2% The Gross Profit Margin has remained pretty much stable throughout the whole three years. It increased slowly each year. It indicates that Square Pharmaceutical is managing its Sales and Cost of Goods Sold very well. run Profit Margin It is calculated as the ratio of operating profit to sales. This shows the amount of operating profit earned recounting to sales. Interpretation * In 2012, for every 100-taka worth of sales, Square Pharmaceuticals earned 20. 9 taka of operating. * In 2011, for every 100-taka worth of sales, Square Pharmaceuticals earned 20. 4taka of operating. The operating profit figures show that Square Pharmaceuticals had a fluctuating trend over the period, with O/P margin being highest in 2007 and then it followed an up and down trend while gradually declining to 20. 4% in 2011. * Perhaps proportionate increase in sales was greater in the proportionate increase in operating which lead to a gradual decline in the figures. Whi le the company had an inconsistent and declining figure for O/P margin, it still managed to catch up with the industry, with the industry average being at 19. 8%. Net Profit MarginIt is calculated by dividing net profit by sales. Interpretation * In 2011, for every 100 taka worth of sales, Bangladesh Lamps generated 18. 8 taka worth of net income. * The Net income has deterioted over the years but still is being someway consistent. The company has the highest industry average, so it shows their performance are way better than their rivals. The main reason that the profit margin declined is high cost. High cost, in turn, generally occurs due to inefficient operations. Profit margin also declined because in 2005-06 Square Pharmaceuticals used a lot of long-term debt. This invariably resulted in more interest cost, which brought the Net income down. Return on Asset It is the ratio of net income to total assets. Interpretation * In 2011, Square Pharma generated 13 taka worth of net pro fit from its 100 taka worth of total assets. * The company has an improving trend of ROA. In spite of this the companys ROA is below industry average. Return on Equity Interpretation We can see that the ROE of Square Pharmaceuticals is stable and having a good number which is a good indication cause the higher the ROE, the higher the rate of return. Earnings per share Over the years Square Pharmaceuticals earning per share has been increasing. For 2009-10 to 2010-11 EPS of Square Pharmaceuticals increased by 21. 42%. As its EPS is also higher than the industry average (presented at the later part of the paper), it can be said that Square Pharmaceuticals could use it equity efficiently in generating profit. MARKET VALUE RATIOSThe final group of ratios, the market value ratios relates the firms stock price to its earnings and book value per share. These ratios give management an indication of what investors theorize of the companys past performance and future prospects. In this secti on, we are going to have a discussion mainly on two types of ratios 1. equipment casualty/ Earnings ratio 2. Market/ view as ratio Price/ Earnings ratio The Price/ Earnings ratio (price-to-earnings ratio) of a stock is a measure of the price paid for a share relative to the income or profit earned by the firm per share. P/E ratio Price per share / earnings per share Market/ hold back ratio The ratio of book value to market value of stocks.Market/Book ratio (M/B) = Market price per share / Book value per share Following table shows the P/E and M/B ratios of Square Pharmaceuticals in different years Year 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-2011 2011-12 P/E Ratio 10. 3 times 17. 5 18. 3 17. 8 16. 5 15. 3 M/B ratio 1. 78 times 1. 77 times 2. 36 times 2. 41 times 2. 94 times 3. 26 times The P/E ratio was 8. 43 times in 2006-07. However, in 2007-08 it declined to 9. 70 times which is an alarming signal for the potential investors. The M/B ratio was 1. 78 times in 2006-07 and increase d further to 2. 92 times in the following year which was excellent to be sick the attention of investors.The main reason behind the declination of P/E and M/B ratio is the fall of price per share. Price of share may fall for several reasons. Failing to meet market expectations is one of the main reasons for the market to lose interest in a share. Shares are usually valued according to what investors reckon the company will do in future. Therefore, when a business fails to meet those expectations then it is not ridiculous for investors to reconsider their position. We can see this fact applicable for this company too. As the company was doing well in 2000-05, the share price was higher than among the three years. Interestingly, the impact on shares depends to a large degree on the influence that they have on the market as well.During 2005-06 financial year the capital market situation deteriorated to the level that the DSE General Index fell by 14. 91%. The overall hostile market s ituation put a negative impact on Square Pharmaceuticals stock price too. Therefore, the investors should not be concerned much about the particular companys P/E and M/B ratio. Debt management ratio Risk and Return Standard deviation derived from the periodic returns of Square Pharmaceuticals Ltd. over the last 5 years, is 14. 32% and the average rate of monthly return is 2. 56% Standard deviation is a measure of total risk of this stock. Thus this 14. 32% indicates the fluctuation of the 60 monthly returns of Square Pharmaceuticals stock from its mean.Thus, compared to the average monthly return of the stock which is only 2. 56%, the stock seems to be volatile. Coefficient of Variation = RiskReturn = 14. 32%2. 56% = 5. 60 Consequently, the coefficient of variation of this stock is quite high. The risk per unit of return is 5. 60. This means that the investors of Square Pharmaceuticals have taken only 5. 60 units of risk for every unit of historical return. Beta of Square Pharmaceu ticals Limited The following dismantle secret plan shows the relationship between the market returns (DSE) and Square Pharmaceuticals stocks return. The scatter plot of Square Pharma stocks price change against DSE general-index shows the movement pattern of these 60 data.Plot also demonstrates fairly positive correlation between Square Pharmaceuticals Ltds return and market return. The slope of this regression toward the mean line is Beta which is a standardized measure of systematic or market risk of the stock. The beta of the stock of Square Pharmaceuticals has a value of 0. 623 which indicates that the stock has market risk which is not very close to the average market risk. The beta of the market or average market risk is always 1 Working Capital Requirements 2011-12 2010-11 2009-10 2008-09 2007-08 2006-07 WCR 2,077,569,872 888,936,561 685,445,639 966,839,517 1,433,895,492 890,228,553 WCR for square pharmaceuticals ltd. shows an increasing trend over the years 2001 to 2010. This is happening because sales for square pharmaceuticals is increasing during those years. Net sales reflects the change in WCR. As we see from year 2001 to 2003 sales falls as a result WCR also falls. Again in year 2004 sales increased and thus the WCR also increased. Working Capital Requirements/Sales (WCR/S) 2011-12 2010-11 2009-10 2008-09 2007-08 2006-07 WCR/S 0. 16 0. 08 0. 07 0. 11 0. 20 0. 14 WCR/S is more or less same in the early years 2006, 2009 and 2010. Then we see an increase in 2008 and fall in 2007 and falls continues till 2011. Then increase in 2012 again. This ratio shows companys dependency on external funds and also talks about firms liquidity.Thus we can see in the year 2006, 2007, 2008 and 2009 this ratio is higher, as a result WCR is high in those year indicating companys OC needs a higher fund. DIH, DSO, DPO, OC, CCP 2011-2012 2010-2011 2009-2010 2008-2009 2007-2008 2006-2007 DIH 122. 78 135. 04 152. 34 132. 05 138. 98 132. 27 DSO 13. 97 15. 34 13. 75 13. 53 14. 87 15. 75

Informative Speech: Barbie Essay

With more than 150 careers on her resume she has worked as a Nurse, lifeguard, dance teacher and even astronaut. Her popularity has get around throughout the world for decades. She is beautiful, talented and either little girl has yearned to absorb her. Who is this woman you may ask? Her name is Barbie. I will be speaking about the History, popularity, and controersies of the Barbie maam. The Barbie biddy was invented by a woman named poignancy Handler in 1959. commiseration had a miss named Barbra and noniced that she would addle paper gentlewomans and enjoyed giving them adult roles. During that time there were not many chicks that were adult alike(p). Most represented infants known as the baby birdie. poignancy shared her idea with her husband who was the co founder of the Mattel swindle Company. initially he was unenthusiastic about the idea. Saying that the idea was to expensive and wouldnt be marketable. Ruths idea was inspired by the Lilli birdie which was bas ed on a popular comic strip. The Lilli doll was a blonde bombshell, working girl who Ruth felt represented women in a positive view. Despite Ruths initial abet from her husband she worked on her design of the doll with her engineer friend jackstones Ryan. The doll was given the name Barbie named after Ruths daughter Barbara. The doll debuted at the Ameri thunder mug International Toy fair knock against 9, 1959. This date is also used as Barbies birthday. When the Barbie Doll was launched she was introduced as a teenage fashion model.She was available in blonde or brunette wearing a black and white bathing suit, chigger tail, sandals and e6ar rings. Over the years the Barbie design has changed in many ways. For example, in 1971 the dolls eyes were adjusted to look forward instead of a aslant glance. In 1961 a red haired Barbie was added to the collection. 19 years later in 1980 the first African American and Latino Barbie doll was launched. Ever since 1959 the Barbie doll pheno menon has not slowed down and still sells megs of dolls per year today. The Barbie doll was a breathing room of fresh air for baberen and the toy industry which manoeuvers me to my next topic the Barbie dolls popularity. The Barbie doll is one of the most successful dolls in history, with sales of more than 1.7 jillion in 1998. According to the Mattel Toy Company, 3 Barbies are sold every 2 seconds throughout the world. forthwith, Barbie has become a brand and is not modified to just dolls. There are video games, computer programs that allow teenaged girls to design outfits for Barbie and of course movies. Barbie appeared in toy story 2 and 3 as a going character to woody and Buzz luminance year. Time Square even named one of the streets Barbie Avenue for a week. The Barbie doll has been a growing favorite for little girls all over the world. A billion Barbies realize been sold worldwide in over 150 countries.There are more options as to what type of Barbie that can b e bought which I believe ads to its popularity. Because the Barbie brand offers so much renewing as far as race and ethnicity, occupation, and fashion trends the brand has make history with this invention. Eight months after Barbies debut at Toy Fair. Ruth Handler was according to the Los Angeles Times running a half- million dollar business. Ruth states in her book Dream Doll I designed the doll with a blank face so that the child could project her own dreams and future onto Barbie. Ruths vision for her doll was to be positive and to help young girls self esteem. She felt it was master(prenominal) for children to cook a realistic view of women through the doll. With that universe say many people did not agree with her and the Barbie doll caused a divide of controversy. One criticism that the Barbie doll received was from moms stating that they felt it was inappropriate to experience a doll with breast. Ruth Stated in an interview I believe it is important to a little girls s elf-esteem to play with a doll that has breast, besides one day she too will have breast and she is beautiful. Another huge controverserial topic was the body image.If Barbie was to be a real women her measurements would be a 36 breast 18 waist and 33 hip if Barbie was a human she would not be able to stand up straight because her body was not proportioned of a normal women, An academic expert n=by the name of tin can Hay stated that the likelihood of a women being shaped like Barbie was less than 1 in 100,000. Many people felt that this was not giving a realistic to young girls view on how a womens body is shaped. Critics felt that young girls would believe that if they are not shaped like Barbie they would have poor body image and could lead to eating disorders. Although the Barbie brand came out with their first African American and Hispanic doll in 1980, some of the African American community was not happy about the representation of the doll. They felt that the only thing that the doll had was darker skin but lacked African American features. For Awhile the black Barbie had dropped in sells drastically until finally the Mattel toy company recalled all the black Barbies and created them to have more of African American features. Although the Barbie has received much controversy, Ruth and her invention has been a game changer. She started off with one idea and it changed the world.Today Barbie is a brand and has been going strong for over 50 years. She took a risk even though she didnt have much support from others she felt in her heart that she wanted to invent something that was contrary to what was being sold in the toy industry. The lesson in this is to follow your dreams no involvement how much support you may or may not have. If you have a vision go for it and despite whatever criticism you may receive persevere and you too can change the world.